Over the past decade, the use of artificial reality in road safety research has gained extensive research interest. However, summaries of the current state, challenges, and future directions of artificial reality in road safety are limited, and this poses a challenge to the successful advancement of the domain. This study conducted a systematic review to summarize trends in existing studies that used artificial reality to address road safety issues. Based on predefined search and selection criteria, 57 out of 1237 studies were selected and analyzed. The findings indicate that existing studies were focused on road safety education, attitude, and behavior change of road users, and examination of road traffic safety concepts. Less emphasis was placed on pedestrian safety and cognitive skills testing, especially among children and individuals with disabilities. This review revealed that virtual reality (VR) is the most used form of artificial reality studies, and most studies focus on testing the appropriateness of VR technology compared to real-world scenarios without adequately considering its effectiveness. Concepts related to presence and immersion are thus far largely ignored in road safety artificial reality research.