High temperature gas cleaning imposes stringent requirements on membrane materials. The selected membrane material must be able to withstand high temperatures (500–1000 °C), high pressure (1.0–3.0 MPa) and have good gas permeability, high strength, toughness, temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance, excellent high temperature gas corrosion resistance and chemical stability. In terms of high temperature gas dust removal, the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries carried out a large number of related studies in the 1970s and made significant progress in the mid-1990s. This chapter will provide a detailed introduction to the high temperature gas cleaning membrane materials and their development status based on the different components of the high temperature gas cleaning membrane materials.