Plastics have become an important part of our modern society due to its flexibility, diverse function and also because it is budget friendly. But it is also one of the major threats to the sustainable urban environment and human health as it is used extensively in the present time. This chapter encompasses some of the core issues of plastic production, consumption and plastic waste, and discusses ways to control it to minimize its negative impact on the environment. Two main harmful consequences of plastic production are depletion of natural resources and also the release of hazardous chemicals while it is prepared in the industries. The consumption of plastic especially the single use plastic leads to generation of plastic waste in a huge amount thus keeping a check on the plastic consumption and finding a safe and less toxic alternatives is another major issue to be considered. And finally, the proper management of disposal of the plastic waste is required. If not disposed in a proper manner these plastics persists for centuries and pollute the air, soil and water leading to the disruption of the food chain and resulting in degraded human health linked to disruption of the endocrine system and cancer etc. Thus, a proper regulation on the production, consumption and disposal of plastic is required via, increased public awareness, research and making collaborative policies by international organization.