With rapid advances of biomedical imaging, cancer diagnosisCancer diagnosis and imaging and therapy nowadays can be carried out less invasively, incorporating more sophisticated imaging and image-guided procedures. Advances of artificial intelligence/machine learning, nanotechnology, high-performance computing, and big data processing hugely benefit developments of imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imagingMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography. This results in many advanced and novel processes in cancer diagnosisCancer diagnosis and imaging and treatment, such as machine learning in tumour recognition, auto-contouring in radiation treatment planning, image fusion/integration, and image-guided cancer therapy. In this chapter, we will review some recentBiomedical imaging techniques biomedical imaging techniques and how they are implemented and commissioned to the current cancer diagnosisCancer diagnosis and imaging and therapy. We will also provide the future prospectives regarding how the dramatic changes in biomedical imaging will affect the detection, recognition, and treatment of cancers.