With the increasingly prominent issue of global climate change, carbon emissions and carbon reduction have become a hot topic in the world today. Electricity is one of the most important energy sources in various fields of society, and there is a close relationship between electric power and carbon measurement, mainly involving the measurement and monitoring of carbon emissions generated during electricity production and use. As a representative of distributed ledger technology, blockchain technology has technical characteristics that meet the requirements of carbon measurement data management for data security, transparency, privacy protection, etc. Therefore, based on the analysis of the current development status of carbon measurement, this article analyzes the application of blockchain in carbon measurement equipment identity authentication, data sharing, and carbon emission data traceability, and explores possible future development prospects.