Phosphate contamination in aquatic environments, driven by agricultural runoff and industrial discharges, poses significant ecological and public health risks. This chapter explores the possibilities of rice husk (RH)-derived adsorbents for effective phosphate elimination from water matrix. As an abundant agricultural residue, rice husk offers a cost-effective, sustainable alternative for water purification. Thus, this chapter investigates the potential of implementing adsorbents (zeolite, charcoal, ash, biochar and silica) derived from rice husks to efficiently remove phosphates from aqueous solutions. Especially, the modification strategies, adsorption optimum conditions, and adsorption performances of these reported adsorbents are discussed. The novelty of this chapter lies in its focus on the underexplored topic of phosphate removal using rice husk-based derivatives. A few examples of phosphate adsorption on rice husk derivatives are provided, demonstrating removal efficiencies ranging from 97 to 54% and adsorption capacity (196.2–5.73 mg/g) depending on the initial concentration of phosphate. Further, this work offers a detailed analysis of the phosphate-RH derivatives adsorption mechanism. Overall, using RH as an adsorbent for phosphate removal offers a potential and sustainable solution to water pollution problems. This strategy provides a sustainable way to mitigate phosphate pollution and promote concepts of the circular economy in wastewater management by transforming agricultural waste into usable adsorbent materials.