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The plains of Uttarakhand state comprise mainly the districts of Haridwar, Udham Singh Nagar, Nainital and the valley area of Dehradun popularly known as Tarai and Bhabar areas. This region falls in agroecological zones 9 and 14 (Sub.AEZ 9.1, 9.2 and 14.2) of India. Various indigenous technologies such as old-age farm tools, organic manure, canals and bore wells for irrigation and natural and homemade pesticides are being followed in plain areas of Uttarakhand. There is an urgent need to blend indigenous knowledge with modern scientific approaches to ensure efficient, maximum and economically sustainable production. Modern technologies such as site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)/STCR-based nutrient application, use of slow-released fertilizers, furrow-irrigated raised-bed planting system (FIRBS) techniques, use of recommended integrated pest management (IPM) and farm mechanization, raised bed planting/sowing and zero tillage and ferti-seed drill are extensively used in the targeted area. Opting for laser land levelling can augment water use efficiency by 25–35%, fertilizer use efficiency by 25% or more and increase crop productivity by 15–35% as compared to without levelling under conventional conditions. The blending of traditional and modern technologies is possible by following integrated farming, nutrients and pest management system approaches in agriculture. FIRB system of crop establishment in wheat, rajma and other commercial crops with or without intercropping is found most suitable towards net irrigation water saving by 40% and fertilizer cost saving by 30% along with reduced cost of seeds to the tune of 20–25%. The trench method of sugarcane planting is found very remunerative as it fetched Rs 35,000 to 50,000 ha−1 higher net returns, with the saving of irrigation water by 40%, fertilizer use by 30% and enhancement in cane yield over conventional flatbed planting systems. Trash mulching at 5–8 t ha−1 in ratoon cane is found very effective in achieving higher productivity and profitability of cane and succeeding wheat crops in the sugarcane-ratoon-wheat cropping system with the saving of irrigation water by 40% and fertilizer cost by 25%. Therefore, sustainable crop production in plain areas of the state can be achieved by dovetailing these traditional techniques with modern technology.

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Blending Traditional Knowledge of Farmers in Agriculture with Modern Scientific Technologies in the Plains of Uttarakhand State

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Sanjay Kumar,
  • Pallavi Bhatt,
  • Sobaran Singh

摘要

The plains of Uttarakhand state comprise mainly the districts of Haridwar, Udham Singh Nagar, Nainital and the valley area of Dehradun popularly known as Tarai and Bhabar areas. This region falls in agroecological zones 9 and 14 (Sub.AEZ 9.1, 9.2 and 14.2) of India. Various indigenous technologies such as old-age farm tools, organic manure, canals and bore wells for irrigation and natural and homemade pesticides are being followed in plain areas of Uttarakhand. There is an urgent need to blend indigenous knowledge with modern scientific approaches to ensure efficient, maximum and economically sustainable production. Modern technologies such as site-specific nutrient management (SSNM)/STCR-based nutrient application, use of slow-released fertilizers, furrow-irrigated raised-bed planting system (FIRBS) techniques, use of recommended integrated pest management (IPM) and farm mechanization, raised bed planting/sowing and zero tillage and ferti-seed drill are extensively used in the targeted area. Opting for laser land levelling can augment water use efficiency by 25–35%, fertilizer use efficiency by 25% or more and increase crop productivity by 15–35% as compared to without levelling under conventional conditions. The blending of traditional and modern technologies is possible by following integrated farming, nutrients and pest management system approaches in agriculture. FIRB system of crop establishment in wheat, rajma and other commercial crops with or without intercropping is found most suitable towards net irrigation water saving by 40% and fertilizer cost saving by 30% along with reduced cost of seeds to the tune of 20–25%. The trench method of sugarcane planting is found very remunerative as it fetched Rs 35,000 to 50,000 ha−1 higher net returns, with the saving of irrigation water by 40%, fertilizer use by 30% and enhancement in cane yield over conventional flatbed planting systems. Trash mulching at 5–8 t ha−1 in ratoon cane is found very effective in achieving higher productivity and profitability of cane and succeeding wheat crops in the sugarcane-ratoon-wheat cropping system with the saving of irrigation water by 40% and fertilizer cost by 25%. Therefore, sustainable crop production in plain areas of the state can be achieved by dovetailing these traditional techniques with modern technology.