In the context of increasing urbanization and climatic change, the global phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI) has become a critical concern, with urban surface temperatures steadily increasing across cities worldwide. UHI has intensified over recent decades, consequently exerting a substantial impact on the local climate and affecting the quality of human life. UHI is a phenomenon in which urban regions experience higher temperatures compared to the adjacent outlying areas, as a result of urbanization, population pressure, industrialization, insufficient vegetation, and transportation systems. The present study is focused on Jhansi, aiming to comprehensively analyze the formation of UHIs in the region. By employing a multidimensional approach, the research investigates the dynamic changes in land use/land cover and fluctuations in urban surface temperature in Jhansi as well as correlation analysis is determined through remote sensing and meteorological data, and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis. The findings of the study indicate that there is an overall increase in the intensity of UHI from 2001 to 2021 and this is because of the conversion of permeable surfaces like open spaces, water bodies, and vegetation towards impermeable surfaces like buildings, roads, and other infrastructure. Higher temperatures were observed in urban areas characterized by dense built-up structures and areas devoid of vegetation, but lower temperatures were seen in regions with vegetation and waterbodies. The findings also reveal that LST demonstrates a negative correlation with NDVI, signifying the cooling impact of green spaces, and a positive association with NDBI, underscoring the warming effect of built-up areas on the urban microclimate. These findings are crucial for urban planners and policymakers to devise effective mitigation and adaptation strategies while dealing with increasing urbanization and climate change. The study helps in developing an in-depth analysis of UHI formation, with implications extending beyond Jhansi to urban centers globally, which can become a foundation for evidence-based decision-making for more resilient and sustainable urban environments.