The overgrowing population is leading to challenges in global agriculture. Chitin nanoparticles (CNPs) fabricated from a polymer found in crustaceans and fungi came up to face these challenges and provide security to agriculture. The CNPs not only have potential to enhance the agricultural yield but can also help in minimising the environmental impact. A comprehensive study on the positive and negative aspects of CNPs, safe and responsible usage, and their impact on the environment is required to use these NPs in the future. This chapter will help in understanding various factors like the efficacy of CNPs in accelerating agricultural productivity, their impact on the ecosystem, and possible ways to rectify any negative consequences. By obtaining the knowledge of CNPs and their repercussions, the stakeholder can make better decisions concerning their incorporation into agricultural practices. Hence, this chapter gives a sound theoretical knowledge of how CNPs can help change farming methods of agriculture, leading them to be more sustainable, and what are the challenges and opportunities in this field.