Climate changeClimate change, driven by human activities, is one of the most critical global challenges that the world is currently facing. Over the last few years, several landmark agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement have reinforced the importance of framing international climate policies to mitigate the impact of climate changeClimate change. These policies and commitments align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGsUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)), particularly SDGSDGs 13, which calls for urgent action to combat climate changeClimate change and its impacts. This chapter examines the current trends in climate changeClimate change, focusing on rising global temperatures and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events. This study compares the impacts and responses of the top ten GDP nations categorized into Annex I (developed) and Non-Annex I (developing) countries, highlighting disparities in the trends, composition, and sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, it explores various mitigationMitigation strategies, including renewable energyRenewable energy adoption, energyEnergy efficiency improvements, carbon capture, and storage technologiesTechnology amid international climate agreements. Understanding these differences can contribute effectively to understanding the climate changeClimate change landscape. This chapter emphasizes the need for coordinated and collaborative global efforts and equitable resource distribution to achieve meaningful climate action.