Electroencephalography (EEG) signals provide us with direct insights into brain function and play a vital role in fields such as neuroscience and medicine. The integration with wearable EEG devices has enabled long-term monitoring of specific EEG indicators, offering new methods for human-computer interaction. This not only holds significant potential for improving the quality of human life but also promotes the advancement of scientific research and has the potential to transform the landscape of medical and health services. This paper proposes and develops a wearable EEG signal acquisition system for brain-computer interfaces, with the following specific details: The system uses a main controller STM32F411CEU6, an EEG chip KS1092, a power supply chip IP5306, and protective circuits to build the peripheral circuits. The device dimensions are 7.5 × 5.0 × 3.5 mm, and the total weight is 132.2 g. The embedded software can collect EEG signals in real-time at a high sampling rate of 1 kHz and achieve information transmission through Bluetooth. In practical applications such as physiological response testing and focused task assessment, the system can accurately determine the state of the test subjects, demonstrating its potential for application in areas such as educational assessment, medical health, human-computer interaction, and cognitive research.