Neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may exhibit involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) due to various diseases and conditions. Term infants with asphyxia and preterm infants often experience hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and other complications, which can seriously impact their future health. However, assessing the CNS condition can be challenging for physicians and nurses who manage newborns. These difficulties mainly arise because brain function is physiologically immature during the neonatal period, and the CNS is not functioning adequately compared to older children and adults, who often exhibit brain damage through neurological symptoms and signs, such as paralysis. This phenomenon indirectly reflects the robust nerve conduction pathways from the cerebrum to the peripheral nerves.