Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. Quality seed is an important input for improving agriculture productivity. Crop Improvement Programs of the National Agricultural Research System have been providing superior crop varieties—the most important input for the seed programs. Effective and dynamic seed systems are important for ensuring the availability of quality seeds of such improved crop varieties. The formation of NSC in March 1963 was an important milestone in the Indian agriculture, marking the genesis of the Public Seed Sector in the country. NSC had the privilege and responsibility to work on almost every aspect of the activity and, hence, served as the “Path Finder” for seed sector development in India. It played a key role in the success of the country’s Green Revolution and also paved the way for the development of a scientific and vibrant seed industry in the country following the launching of the National Seed Programs in three phases between 1975 and 1990. NSC, States Seeds Corporations, cooperatives, private seed industry and other seed-producing agencies, viz., FPO/FPCs, are continuously expanding their activities, especially in terms of product range, volume and value of seed handled and number of customers served. Over the past six decades, the seed sector has built a sizeable core of seed producers and seed dealers in various parts of the country with necessary competence to handle and manage various segments of supply chain. Partnerships between the public research institutions and the private seed industry are growing. The gains from the six decades of experience need to be properly applied to avail the immense opportunities that exist for the seed sector.