The twenty-first century presents a challenge in ensuring food and nutritional security to meet the anticipated increased demand for food grains for a rapidly growing global population. Agriculture faces a significant pressure in terms of productivity and production due to factors like climate change, resource depletion, and land degradation. Hence, access to good quality seeds of varieties with higher productivity and ability to combat adverse conditions is crucial for successful crop production. Governments, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, and philanthropic bodies are working to strengthen the quality assurance system in the formal segments of the seed sector globally. Intergovernmental treaties and regulations are important to maintain quality standards in global seed trade to improve crop production and productivity and feed the global population.