Biological resources serve as significant economic assets for many global economies and provide livelihood options for rural and distant communities. Biological resources are utilised in several industries such as food, fuel, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, traditional remedies, and nutraceuticals. The use of botanical dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and phytopharmaceuticals as medications is on the rise in the global south. As a result, the consumption of bioresources will also increase in proportion. Approximately, one-third of drugs now being developed are classified as biopharmaceuticals and medicals. These compounds are produced from biological sources and are used in the field of pharmaceuticals. These medications are manufactured utilising biotechnology, specifically genetic engineering or hybridoma technology, or by bio-pharmaceutical techniques such as recombinant human technology, gene transfer, and antibody production methods. This chapter provides an overview of biological resources, including their classification system and the different types of biological pharmaceuticals. It also discusses the manufacturing processes and technologies involved in producing these pharmaceuticals, as well as the obstacles and future directions in this field.