The bioeconomy is defined as the set of economic activities based on the sustainable use of biological resources and has emerged as a key strategy to address global sustainability and development challenges. However, public perception of the bioeconomy in the Global South (GS) remains poorly understood. This chapter explores and reviews the bioeconomy’s general opinion regarding the GS. It distinguishes the factors influencing these views and their implications for implementing inclusive and sustainable bioeconomy policies and practices. In particular, the chapter seeks to answer the following questions: (1) What factors influence public perceptions of the bioeconomy? and (2) How can the implications of these views translate into inclusive and sustainable bioeconomy policies and practices in the Global South? This research aims to provide an informed overview of public bioeconomy policies in countries cataloged as GS. By drawing on the relevant literature concerning the bioeconomy’s tenets, the chapter explores the pros and cons surrounding the bioeconomy concept. Departing from a comparative policy framework, empirical findings provide insights into the general aspects of adopting the bioeconomy approach in the GS. The results expose the need to foster more effective policy and communication strategies to promote greater acceptance and adoption of sustainable and equitable bioeconomy practices in the GS. Because understanding public perception of the bioeconomy in the GS is crucial to ensuring that bioeconomic initiatives are socially inclusive, culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable, this research aims to provide valuable information for policymakers, business leaders, and society, thus facilitating the transition to a more sustainable and resilient economic model in the GS.