Earth’s interior consists of three layers, the outer crust, the middle mantle, and central core. The crust and upper mantle form the rigid lithosphere, which is followed by fluid-like solid layer of asthenosphere. Its core consists of solid iron inner core and liquid outer core that generates the Earth's magnetic field and a convicting mantle that drives plate tectonics. Several massive tectonic plates are driven by this internal convection in the molten rocks resulting them to converge, diverge, or slide past each other, which could be happen between continental plate, oceanic plates, or continental-ocean plate. Such dynamics are responsible for creation and shaping earth’s internal structure and surficial landscapes on the continents and the oceanic floors. Some of the important processes include vulcanism, earthquake, seafloor spreading, geomagnetic reversal, continental drifting, isostasy, migration of the magnetic poles, or polar wandering. Volcanism or Vulcanism, could be in the form of eruptions like magmatic, phreatomagmatic, or phreatic in nature which may result in forming different types of volcanoes, namely strato or composite, Shield, Cinder Cone, and Lava domes. Seismic activities result in earthquakes of different intensities and severity, generating primary and secondary seismic waves. The landforms created due movements of tectonic plates include deep oceanic trenches, island arcs, mid-oceanic ridges, rift valleys, mountain ranges, hot spots, major faults, fracture zones, etc.