Economic extraction of natural resources from the earth is called mining, which begins with exploration and ends with mine reclamation and rehabilitation of the land. Nature of mineralization decides the methodology to be adopted for excavation. The open-cast mining method is chosen for the excavation of minerals occurring on the surface or near-surface. The practices, like ground stripping and open-pit excavation are followed for open cast, while underground mining is done for the resources found beneath the earth surface. They are accessed through shafts, adits, tunnels, etc., and material is excavated using various methods like room and pillar, shortwall, longwall, cut and fill, caving and stoping, skimming, etc. Raw materials so obtained are subjected to beneficiation to improve the quality by discarding unwanted gangue material. The separation of valuable ores and gangues is done using their gravity, magnetic, electrical, optical, chemical, physicochemical, and physicomechanical properties. It involves processes like comminution, screening, classification, concentration, and dewatering, followed by metallurgy, using various equipments. Mining and mineral beneficiation activities are inevitable in view of utilization of natural resources for mankind. However, the activities such as unscientific workings, waste piling, vibration, noise, dust and gas emissions, and discharge of harmful fluids adversely affect environment, safety, and health of the people involved. To address this problem, various potential hazards are identified, impacts are assessed for each activity, and measures are taken to mitigate the adversities. Plan, Do, Check, and Act (PDCA) cycle is continuously monitored and gaps are filled through the deployment of action and resource.