The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining popularity in smart cities, healthcare, and industry. To ensure secure and trusted data sharing, permissioned blockchains are emerging as crucial technology. When deployed in IoT scenarios, numerous edge nodes generate substantial sensor data. However, most existing blockchains are not designed for this, resulting in insufficient performance. 1) Traditional consensus protocols lack scalability, particularly when edge nodes are geographically distributed, which restricts overall performance. 2) Edge nodes receive transactions from multiple sensors at high rates, but their limited computing power makes providing or validating certificates of these transactions a bottleneck. 3) Edge nodes have limited storage capacity, making it challenging to manage the growing IoT data. To address these issues, we propose HIChain, a IoT permissioned block-chain. HIChain adopts a three-layer architecture for better scalability in geo-deployment. To reduce computational costs, only a portion of transactions are provided with certificates, and additional measures are implemented to prevent Byzantine faults. Additionally, we use dictionary and delta encoding techniques, along with cloud storage, to reduce storage costs on edge nodes. Experimental results show that HIChain effectively reduces consensus overhead and storage overhead in distributed environment. Throughput reaches up to 126.49 KTPS, 120.94% higher than the baseline, with on-chain storage cost reduced by 89.9%.