Climate change is said to be one of the biggest challenges humanities must face in the twenty-first century, with Vietnam being one of the most vulnerable countries in the world. Weather phenomena such as droughts, floods, landslides, and storms have complicated developments. The risk of forest fires in the North Central and Central Highlands ecological regions is increasing. The risk of landslides in mountainous areas is affecting the agricultural and industrial economy, as well as impacting human rights and social justice (Ministry of Finance, 2022). Many adverse health effects due to climate change include infectious diseases, food and waterborne diseases, respiratory disorders and allergies, malnutrition, communal violence, and mental health problems. These environmental and health consequences threaten the assurance of human rights standards in Vietnam, including the right to life, the right to access safe food and water, the right to medical care, and equality of dignity and rights. According to some studies, it is more difficult to ensure human rights standards in developing countries, and disadvantaged groups (including the poor; members of minority groups, women, children, and elderly people; people with chronic illnesses and disabilities; people living in areas with high rates of climate-related illness; workers exposed to extreme heat or increased weather variability) are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change (Tuana, 2012). In addition, they also suffer serious impacts from greenhouse gas emissions when living in urban areas or near industrial zones (Rajamani, 2018). In recognition of the critical nature of climate change, Vietnam is implementing solutions to deal with this situation, including shifting the agricultural economy that dependent on resources and heavy industry to a circular economy, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are strategic goals. However, minimizing the impact of climate change, maintaining economic growth, and ensuring human rights standards have never been an easy problem at present.