Among the most serious issues with the environment of the day is worldwide change in climate, which is largely brought on by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. Greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere have significantly increased because of the burning of fossil fuels for industrial and energy purposes, as well as the changes in land use and agriculture. The issue becomes worse because of the growing energy demand brought on by the world's economy and population growth. The Earth is becoming hotter every ten years, which highlights the need to take immediate action. This chapter emphasizes the causes, effects, and potential solutions of the complicated relationships that exist between energy usage, human activities, and global change in climate. It explores the significance of fossil fuels which continue to dominate the energy mix, holding a prominent position in global consumption energy, the effect of changing climate on energy systems, and the immediate requirement for a sustainable energy transition. The use of energy-efficient practices, carbon dioxide capture technology, and renewable energy sources are a few examples of mitigation options that are addressed. To meet this global problem, the chapter also emphasizes the significance of technical advancements, international collaboration, and resolving socioeconomic and environmental consequences to reduce the negative effects of anthropogenic influences on the uncertain ecological balance of our planet.