Though the race for attaining reliability on energy needs existed even before the beginning of World War I, the question of energy security emerged in the 1970s because of the Arab oil embargo and the Iranian revolution, revealing the fragility of the industrialized countries that relied heavily on oil imports from the Middle East. To deal with the situation, the International Energy Agency (IEA) was founded in 1974 to help its members respond to major oil supply disruptions. Since then, energy security has become a more complex and diverse concept that covers other aspects such as natural gas, electricity, renewable energy, climate change, etc. Energy security is now a multifaceted and dynamic issue that impacts human life’s economic, social, and environmental aspects. This chapter would, therefore, try to highlight the past and future of energy security impacting the socio-economic and environmental aspects to counter future challenges for maintaining a sustainable energy future.