Dental caries is a microbial disease that affects the hard tissues of the tooth and is irreversible. It can persist throughout one’s life, even after treatment. This disease affects all genders, social classes, and age groups. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dental caries is a prevalent issue among children, affecting an estimated 60–90% of them. The risk factors for dental caries have expanded to encompass a wide range of influences, including biological, dietary, and oral habits, as well as broader social determinants such as socioeconomic factors and health service utilization. The key determinants of dental caries include child characteristics, family background, oral hygiene, and infant feeding and eating habits. Addressing these determinants is essential to mitigate the occurrence of dental caries in children. To prevent early childhood carries (ECC), it is important to educate new and prospective parents on proper oral care and to identify children who are at high risk. Additionally, community-based methods have been explored as effective approaches. The task of addressing ECC can prove to be a financially burdensome and time-consuming, often requiring extensive oral restoration procedures under general anesthesia. Unfortunately, many countries, even those classified as developed, still resort to the extraction of decayed teeth as a means of treatment. Addressing modifiable sociobehavioral and socioeconomic determinants is essential to effectively prevent dental caries. This requires the translation of these determinants into policies and programs focused on oral health prevention.