Mechanism of Hybrid Development and Quality Seed Production in Okra
摘要
The accessibility of quality seed, be it hybrids or open-pollinated varieties, in okra is of paramount importance for enhancing the production and productivity in this crop. Quality seeds are considered a most important strategic resource in modern day farming in any crop plants including vegetables, to meet the goal for the world’s food and nutritional security. Okra farmers recognize quality seed of a proven improved hybrids/varieties with dual tolerance to YVMV and OELCV diseases as the most basic and tactical inputs for high and sustainable yield. In okra, the seeds of F1 hybrids have been in the driver’s seat, but of late, the open-pollinated varieties have also considered a major player as they covered substantial area under them. In India, though the various public institutions are actively involved in the basic and strategic research for the enrichment of genetic resources, development of varieties and hybrids, and establishment of the genetic basis of viral disease tolerance, but the hybrid seeds are mostly produced and marketed in okra by private seed companies. The annual okra seed requirement is about 4878 tonnes. Due to the lack of genetic pollination control mechanisms like robust male sterility system (CGMS) and limited scope of extensive utilization of the available genetic male sterility (GMS) system, the production of hybrid seed is carried out through hand emasculation and pollination, which is tedious, labor-intensive, and cost-ineffective, thereby making it challenging to achieve targeted demand for hybrid seed. This necessitates to find out appropriate alternatives to simplify the hybrid seed production system in okra to make the process faster and cost-effective.