Due to its diverse uses, chilli is a crop of great importance both nationally and internationally. In order to produce hybrid seeds in chillies, heterosis has been widely used. For the production of chillies to be sustained, high-quality planting material must be available, and enhanced seed production technologies are crucial. Key sections covered in this chapter are the different types of seeds used in chilli cultivation: nucleus, breeder, foundation, and certified seeds, each with specific standards for genetic purity and quality. This chapter outlines the process of hybrid seed production, particularly through the use of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines, a method that enhances efficiency and ensures high-quality seeds. It also addresses the challenges of biotic stresses, such as diseases and pests that significantly impact chilli production. The role of hybrid seeds in increasing productivity and profitability in agriculture is underscored, along with the importance of proper certification and standards to ensure the accessibility of high-quality seeds to farmers.