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Air particulate matter has been a problem battering modern societies since the industrial revolution and keeps growing in magnitude with the ever-increasing urbanization and industrialization. Particularly, this has been caused significant concerns in developing regions with intense agriculture activity, such as Southeast Asia. While air pollution is a local event and can be monitored with in-situ stations, these instruments are excessively expensive to install and maintain. Alternatively, satellite remote sensing offers the capability to quantify air quality from space in large geographical areas. In this regard, the latest Sentinel-5 Precursor mission (Sentinel-5P) of the European Space Agency (ESA) has demonstrated promising results in monitoring chemical pollutants suspended in air. In the current study, we present the analysis of particulate matter concentrations in Thailand as recorded from ground regulatory-grade stations based on two scenarios: one for Bangkok, which suffers from vehicular air pollution, and one for Chiang Mai, which is affected by agricultural burning during the dry season. The seasonality, diurnal cycle, temporal evolution, and spatial distribution by climatic areas and based on the two aforementioned scenarios are presented. Findings suggest that pollution sources, in combination with climatic parameters, exhibit differing diurnal and seasonal patterns of air pollution. Moreover, the Ultraviolet Aerosol Index from the Sentinel-5P satellite is compared against the ground measurements in the region where air pollution is induced by agricultural open burning. The R2 value calculated by satellite and ground station data was more than 0.3 in half of 14 stations in the study area, indicating a significant correlation between them. We suggest that the Sentinel-5P satellite can act as a proxy for air pollution estimation for high pollution events while a low correlation was observed for cases with a concentration below 50 μg m−3. Finally, we discuss the findings of our study in the context of policymaking.

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Spatial and Temporal Variations of PM2.5 Over Thailand and the Use of Sentinel-5P as a PM2.5 Proxy During High Pollution Events Attributed to Vegetation Open Burning

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Gawon Lee,
  • Dimitris Stratoulias

摘要

Air particulate matter has been a problem battering modern societies since the industrial revolution and keeps growing in magnitude with the ever-increasing urbanization and industrialization. Particularly, this has been caused significant concerns in developing regions with intense agriculture activity, such as Southeast Asia. While air pollution is a local event and can be monitored with in-situ stations, these instruments are excessively expensive to install and maintain. Alternatively, satellite remote sensing offers the capability to quantify air quality from space in large geographical areas. In this regard, the latest Sentinel-5 Precursor mission (Sentinel-5P) of the European Space Agency (ESA) has demonstrated promising results in monitoring chemical pollutants suspended in air. In the current study, we present the analysis of particulate matter concentrations in Thailand as recorded from ground regulatory-grade stations based on two scenarios: one for Bangkok, which suffers from vehicular air pollution, and one for Chiang Mai, which is affected by agricultural burning during the dry season. The seasonality, diurnal cycle, temporal evolution, and spatial distribution by climatic areas and based on the two aforementioned scenarios are presented. Findings suggest that pollution sources, in combination with climatic parameters, exhibit differing diurnal and seasonal patterns of air pollution. Moreover, the Ultraviolet Aerosol Index from the Sentinel-5P satellite is compared against the ground measurements in the region where air pollution is induced by agricultural open burning. The R2 value calculated by satellite and ground station data was more than 0.3 in half of 14 stations in the study area, indicating a significant correlation between them. We suggest that the Sentinel-5P satellite can act as a proxy for air pollution estimation for high pollution events while a low correlation was observed for cases with a concentration below 50 μg m−3. Finally, we discuss the findings of our study in the context of policymaking.