Synthetic polymers are considered a threat due to their impact on the environment via disposal and their dependence on fossil sources. The upcoming alternative technology in the packaging industry is green packaging materials obtained from natural sources like plants, animals, and microorganisms. These are considered to be environmentally safe and include carbohydrates like starch, lignin, and cellulose and also proteins like keratin, collagen, and gelatin, as well as microbial-origin biopolymers like polyhydroxy alkanoates and exo-polysaccharides (EPS). Among the various classes of bio-polymers, starch is considered non-toxic, available, and economical and is used in the form of active films in food packaging. Bio-polymeric polyphenolic compounds like gallic acid, which are extracted via supercritical extraction, are added to enhance the anti-oxidant properties of the chitin and gelatin-based films in active food packaging. Nanomaterials of biological origin are also incorporated in active food packaging inclusively bacterial nanocellulose, which is a hydrocolloid nanocellulose substrate that is synthesized from the non-pathogenic strains of Komagataeibacter due to its high crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. It is necessary to conduct more basic research on applying biodegradable polymers in food packaging and to make environmental protection efforts.