This chapter discusses the critical roles of biobased resource recovery techniques in fostering sustainable development across the Global South. As nations in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America face escalating challenges related to waste management, environmental degradation, and economic growth, biobased resource recovery offers a viable pathway to address these issues. The chapter provides an overview of key resource recovery techniques such as anaerobic digestion, composting, bioplastics production, bioenergy conversion, microbial fuel cells, and biochar production, which convert organic waste into valuable resources like energy, biofuels, bioproducts, and soil amendments. The chapter further analyzes the current landscape of resource recovery in the Global South, highlighting the socioeconomic, technological, and policy challenges that limit the widespread adoption of these techniques. Infrastructure deficits, economic constraints, regulatory barriers, and social acceptance remain significant hurdles. Through case studies of successful projects from countries like Kenya and India, the chapter showcases the potential of biobased recovery processes in transforming waste into a resource while creating green jobs, supporting rural development, and enhancing environmental sustainability. A key focus is placed on the role of technological innovations and partnerships in advancing biobased recovery solutions. Innovations such as biotechnology, waste-to-energy conversion, and bioengineering are explored as transformative tools for scaling resource recovery efforts. Furthermore, the chapter underscores the importance of integrating circular economy principles within the bioeconomy to achieve sustainable waste management and resource efficiency. To overcome existing barriers, the chapter calls for enhanced policy frameworks, regional cooperation, and investment in capacity building. It emphasizes the importance of North–South and South–South collaboration in scaling biobased resource recovery technologies and practices. Finally, the chapter highlights the potential for biobased resource recovery to contribute to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in areas related to environmental conservation, climate resilience, and sustainable economic growth.