Water is essential for life, covering a significant portion of the Earth’s surface and vital to human health and various activities. However, contamination from anthropogenic sources poses significant challenges, leading to waterborne diseases that affect millions globally. These diseases, transmitted via contaminated drinking water, inadequate sanitation, and poor hygiene practices, remain a critical public health concern, especially in developing regions. Effective management strategies involving water treatment, sanitation improvements, and hygiene education are crucial in mitigating these risks and ensuring global health security.