Effective health management of aquatic species in aquaculture systems is vital for sustainable production. This chapter delves into the multifaceted approach to prevent and control diseases in aquatic animals. Beginning with an overview of aquaculture production, it explores the spectrum of crucial aquatic animal diseases and subsequently addresses a spectrum of preventive measures. From biosecurity protocols and pathogen-free practices to the advancements in immunostimulants and vaccines, this chapter outlines strategies aimed at minimizing disease prevalence while emphasizing the necessity of moving away from conventional chemical interventions. The chapter concludes by underlining the significance of continual research into disease progression and transmission, coupled with the integration of novel technologies, to bolster disease prevention in aquaculture.