With the development of internet technology, data resources have become an important factor driving socio-economic development. However, due to the large amount of data, there are significant security issues in the process of data analysis and mining. In the context of big data, data security issues have become a focus of attention for national security management departments. This article introduces the basic concepts of big data, neural networks, and text mining, and then proposes the application of neural networks and text mining technology in data security management. And explored data security management measures based on neural networks and text mining in the context of big data, hoping to provide reference assistance. Through research, it has been found that neural networks play a very prominent role in the context of big data. They can quickly extract useful information contained in information analysis and processing. At the same time, using neural networks to classify big data can improve the accuracy of information extraction and provide better services for users.