The concept of deep-sea mining has been proposed for over half a century, yet the answer to whether it can solve the global mineral resource crisis has not been determined. The main issue remains environmental concerns. One ongoing research topic that runs through this issue is environmental baseline surveys and monitoring. This article uses a literature review method to compare and summarize previous related research. Firstly, it explains the importance of baseline survey and monitoring in the deep-sea environment. Then, it selects key content such as water quality and sediment analysis for detailed analysis, involving the technologies, methods, and frameworks used in the research. The article also focuses on analyzing several world-renowned deep-sea mining environmental pollution sea trials, summarizing their limitations. The article concludes by analyzing the indispensable importance of baseline survey and monitoring research topics in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) work for deep-sea mining. The significance of this research is to promote stakeholders’ investment in baseline survey and monitoring work for deep-sea mining, rather than focusing solely on technological research and development. By drawing on past experiences and lessons, one can find a suitable framework for deep-sea environmental research. This effort is crucial for sustainable development in deep-sea mineral extraction.