Queer Diaspora
摘要
Following the theorization of the concept of diaspora in the 1990s by Paul Gilroy, James Clifford, Stuart Hall, and others, the importance of studying how and why migrations and dislocations crucially shape human history gave rise to the need for making diaspora studies a critical part of cultural studies, relating to the experiences and narratives of minorities. In the context of sexuality vis-à-vis diaspora, one of the earliest critical commentaries was by Frank Mort, when he mentioned “homosexual diaspora” in 1994, which was subsequently rethought as queer diaspora by contemporary theorists and thinkers in this field: Simon Watney, Gayatri Gopinath, Martin F. Manalansan IV, Jasbir Puar, Avtar Brah, David L. Eng, Lawrence Schimel, and others, with further crucial deliberations at the turn of the century by Alan Sinfield, Anne-Marie Fortier, Cindy Patton, and Benigno Sánchez-Eppler. With respect to the diasporic shift in gay and lesbian studies in the late 1990s, Anne-Marie Fortier’s discussion of disciplinary queer diasporic imagination brought to the fore how those working with queer theory came to utilize the critical possibilities of diaspora studies, and vice versa. These discussions helped rethink the multi-locational and multi-axial valency between these two fields, especially concerning the transnational nature of and discursive diversity in queer politics and subcultures. Notwithstanding various definitions, Gayatri Gopinath’s reference to “queer diaspora” as “global networks of affiliation constantly being produced and reproduced along the lines of race, ethnicity and/or sexuality” is representative.