Trees play a vital role in ecosystems as they preserve biodiversity, contribute to primary productivity, and support ecological functions. From an economic perspective, humans derive significant benefits from trees. Multiple factors, including biotic and abiotic stresses, adversely affect tree species, leading to extensive tree mortality and consequently disrupting ecological balance. Abiotic stresses such as cold, salinity, and drought are projected to escalate due to global climate change, posing adverse consequences for tree populations. These effects may include biodiversity loss, disturbances in the carbon cycle, and a reduction in the services provided by trees. Trees have evolved a range of mechanisms, including biochemical, physiological and molecular strategies, to adjust to these stressors. Understanding abiotic stress-tolerance processes will enable constructive pyramiding of some tolerances in a single tree via genetic engineering. Furthermore, developing phenotyping technology broadens the range of features that may be assessed, providing us with a less ill knowledge of stress tolerance. A comprehensive understanding of these tolerance mechanisms is essential for developing artificial techniques to mitigate environmental stress. This book chapter highlights the major abiotic stresses in trees, their impacts, response mechanisms and strategies to mitigate these issues in trees.