In the high-pressure and rapidly evolving labour environment of contemporary China, traditional values of diligence and organisational loyalty are increasingly challenged by emerging social orientations such as Tang Ping (lying flat) and Nei Juan (involution). This chapter introduces the socio-economic context that has given rise to these contrasting work attitudes, particularly within the globalised urban environment of Shanghai. It outlines the research problem, objectives, and significance of the study, arguing that understanding the transformation of work values is critical for both organisations and policymakers. The chapter also introduces the conceptual foundation of the book and explains how generational change, organisational culture, and individual characteristics may collectively influence employee behavioural choices in modern workplaces.