Metabolic disorders have a significant impact on human health and quality of life. They not only cause organ dysfunction and inconvenience in daily activities; children whose mothers have metabolic disorders during pregnancy or breastfeeding are also at risk of greater health problems. Historically, many animal experiments have been conducted to understand the cause of diseases and factors related to metabolic disorders in animals in general and humans in particular. To further study physiological processes, single-cell analysis methods were developed to analyze the processes occurring in cells in depth, such as gene expression regulation, transcription, translation, and metabolic pathways. Based on single-cell researches on animal models, scientists have clarified the role of many types of cells and biological processes in the formation and development of metabolic disorders. In this chapter, animal models of metabolic disorders, biomedical applications, and single-cell analysis in animal models of metabolic disorders will be discussed. Despite many challenges, single-cell analysis has emerged as a useful research method, providing reliable evidence in detecting disease markers, developing accurate diagnostic and therapeutic methods.