Lignocellulosic biomass, generated from agricultural, industrial, and municipal solid waste as a waste byproduct, has gained significant attention for the sustainable production of various bioproducts, including bioethanol, due to its global abundance. This chapter focuses on sustainable bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, highlighting the processes employed and the latest innovations in this field. It begins with an introduction to the composition, sources, and types of lignocellulosic biomass. It covers both traditional and advanced bioethanol production methods, detailing the critical production steps of pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. The focus shifts to the various technologies employed for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, highlighting the chemical, physical, and biological methods, as well as recent innovations that enhance process efficiency. Additionally, the role of enzymatic hydrolysis is emphasized in terms of feedstock utilization and biomass conversion. Furthermore, the chapter explores fermentation technologies that enhance bioethanol production, detailing both conventional and novel approaches. Finally, recent advancements in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, focusing on integrated designs and optimization techniques to enhance bioethanol production efficiency, are examined. In conclusion, this chapter provides insights into the current and future state of sustainable bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, addressing environmental concerns.