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This chapter reconceptualizes the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) as a global inflection point whose significance extended beyond the Near East into debates within the Indian independence movement. Commonly understood as the diplomatic settlement that secured international recognition for the Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Lausanne is treated here not as the cause of subsequent religious reforms, but as the formal acknowledgment of a new political order already unfolding through earlier Kemalist measures, including the abolition of the Sultanate (1922) and the proclamation of the Republic (1923). Rather than arguing that Lausanne directly enabled the abolition of the Caliphate or determined the course of Indian nationalism, this chapter suggests that it symbolically reflected a broader reconfiguration of sovereignty in the postwar world. In British India, these developments coincided with the decline of the Khilafat Movement and prompted leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to reassess strategies grounded in transnational religious solidarity.

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Between Empires: The Treaty of Lausanne and Its Reflection on India’s Path to Independence

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Arunima Shastri

摘要

This chapter reconceptualizes the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) as a global inflection point whose significance extended beyond the Near East into debates within the Indian independence movement. Commonly understood as the diplomatic settlement that secured international recognition for the Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Lausanne is treated here not as the cause of subsequent religious reforms, but as the formal acknowledgment of a new political order already unfolding through earlier Kemalist measures, including the abolition of the Sultanate (1922) and the proclamation of the Republic (1923). Rather than arguing that Lausanne directly enabled the abolition of the Caliphate or determined the course of Indian nationalism, this chapter suggests that it symbolically reflected a broader reconfiguration of sovereignty in the postwar world. In British India, these developments coincided with the decline of the Khilafat Movement and prompted leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to reassess strategies grounded in transnational religious solidarity.