This study analyses Turkey’s enduring ethnocratic regime and its restrictive interpretation of the Treaty of Lausanne regarding minority rights. Despite partial reforms since 2002 under the AKP—such as limited linguistic freedoms and cultural concessions—these changes have not altered the state’s refusal to legally recognise ethnic or linguistic minorities. Constitutional provisions continue to uphold a unitary, Turkish-only national identity, rendering most reforms superficial and reversible. The 2010 and 2013 reform packages failed to address minority recognition, while post-2015 political developments marked a return to authoritarianism and halted democratisation. The paper proposes a positive reinterpretation of Article 39 of the Lausanne Treaty as the foundation for genuine pluralism, legal recognition of minorities, and compliance with European standards. Drawing on the Romanian model, it argues that only a post-ethnocratic, inclusive constitution can secure societal peace and democratic stability in Turkey.