This chapter addresses two interrelated issues. First, it aims to examine the importance of Antarctic law for Argentina and Australia. This analysis allows us to understand the factors that motivate these two countries to play an active role within the Antarctic regional legal regime. Second, the chapter seeks to reverse the question and discuss the importance of Argentina and Australia for Antarctic law. To do so, it explores to what extent existing Antarctic studies have discussed the importance of Argentina and Australia for Antarctic law. This analysis helps us to better understand what is known about the contributions of these states to the creation and development of Antarctic law (i.e. what gaps exist in Antarctic studies on this topic).