Landslides are among the most catastrophic natural hazards in mountainous areas, posing serious risks to human life, infrastructure, and the environment. The Kalimpong region of the Darjeeling Himalayas is prone to slope failures due to steep terrain, heavy monsoon rainfall, complex geology, and human activities such as road construction and deforestation. The purpose of this study is to identify landslip susceptibility zones (LSZ) in Kalimpong using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Frequency Ratio (FR) model. A comprehensive landslip inventory of 126 landslip locations was created using the Geological Survey of India's Bhukosh portal and divided into training (75%) and testing (25%) datasets. Six major landslip causes—slope, aspect, elevation, distance to road, distance to lineament, annual rainfall were chosen based on data relevance and availability. FR values were calculated for each class, and the factors were weighted based on relative frequency and prediction rates. The integrated susceptibility index map divided the territory into five zones: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility. The findings show that regions with steep slopes, significant rainfall, and closeness to roadways are more susceptible. The resulting LSM contains useful information for hazard management, land-use planning, and slope stabilisation measures. Future research that incorporates geotechnical parameters could improve model precision and promote sustainable development in vulnerable areas.

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Landslide Susceptibility Mapping of Kalimpong Region, Darjeeling Himalayas Using GIS-Based Frequency Ratio Model

  • Vaishnavi Bansal,
  • Raju Sarkar

摘要

Landslides are among the most catastrophic natural hazards in mountainous areas, posing serious risks to human life, infrastructure, and the environment. The Kalimpong region of the Darjeeling Himalayas is prone to slope failures due to steep terrain, heavy monsoon rainfall, complex geology, and human activities such as road construction and deforestation. The purpose of this study is to identify landslip susceptibility zones (LSZ) in Kalimpong using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Frequency Ratio (FR) model. A comprehensive landslip inventory of 126 landslip locations was created using the Geological Survey of India's Bhukosh portal and divided into training (75%) and testing (25%) datasets. Six major landslip causes—slope, aspect, elevation, distance to road, distance to lineament, annual rainfall were chosen based on data relevance and availability. FR values were calculated for each class, and the factors were weighted based on relative frequency and prediction rates. The integrated susceptibility index map divided the territory into five zones: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility. The findings show that regions with steep slopes, significant rainfall, and closeness to roadways are more susceptible. The resulting LSM contains useful information for hazard management, land-use planning, and slope stabilisation measures. Future research that incorporates geotechnical parameters could improve model precision and promote sustainable development in vulnerable areas.