Repentance rituals (chanfa 懺法) are religious practices centered on chanhui 懺悔—repenting or confessing one’s transgressions and engaging in self-purification. Buddhism places great importance on repentance, which has given rise to a range of practices collectively known as “repentance rituals.” This chapter introduces a few common repentance rituals, such as the repentance ritual of emperor Liang, the compassionate samādhi water repentance, the Avalokiteśvara repentance ritual and the great compassion repentance ritual, the medicine Buddha repentance ritual, the Kṣitigarbha repentance ritual, repentance rituals related to the pure land of Amitābha. These rituals, originally introduced from India, developed significantly during the Southern and northern dynasties (420–589) and became widespread during the Sui and Tang dynasties (581–907). By the Song dynasty (960–1279), monks often led or performed repentance rituals on behalf of lay believers, making them one of the most vibrant expressions of Han Chinese Buddhism within popular culture.