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This study explores the design and simulation of a voltage balancing system for series photovoltaic (PV) arrays using an isolated bi-directional converter integrated with a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. Partial shading on PV panels can result in mismatched output, leading to long-term degradation and reduced performance. The proposed system employs a PI-controlled flyback converter to balance voltage across individual PV modules, mitigating the effects of partial shading. Through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink, the research determines optimal PI parameters with kp = 0.09 and ki = 5. The results indicate that the designed controller significantly improves voltage convergency, yielding a system response with an RMSE 0.1495 better than a conventional controller. However, the designed system has a narrow voltage regulation workspace to generate MPP. Overall, the proposed system shows promising potential in enhancing PV array efficiency under varying shading conditions.

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Design Simulation of a Voltage Balancing System in a Series Photovoltaic Array Based on an Isolated Bi-directional Converter with the Proportional-Integral Controller

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Mukhammad Nur Hadi,
  • Fahriza Balqis,
  • Arya Kusumawardana,
  • Adi Izhar Che Ani

摘要

This study explores the design and simulation of a voltage balancing system for series photovoltaic (PV) arrays using an isolated bi-directional converter integrated with a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. Partial shading on PV panels can result in mismatched output, leading to long-term degradation and reduced performance. The proposed system employs a PI-controlled flyback converter to balance voltage across individual PV modules, mitigating the effects of partial shading. Through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink, the research determines optimal PI parameters with kp = 0.09 and ki = 5. The results indicate that the designed controller significantly improves voltage convergency, yielding a system response with an RMSE 0.1495 better than a conventional controller. However, the designed system has a narrow voltage regulation workspace to generate MPP. Overall, the proposed system shows promising potential in enhancing PV array efficiency under varying shading conditions.