This research examines factors influencing sleepiness and aggressive driving behaviors among long-haul truck drivers in India. Using descriptive analysis, logistic regression, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the study identifies key variables affecting driver behavior. Descriptive results show that 78.5% of drivers work irregular shifts, 86.5% report insufficient rest, and 89.1% admit to falling asleep while driving. Logistic regression reveals that exceeding maximum allowed driving time increases the odds of falling asleep by over 8.5 billion times (OR = 8.5 × 109, p = 0.025), while awareness of driving limits raises fatigue risk (OR = 34.46, p = 0.049). Drivers with hearing difficulties show lower fatigue risk (OR = 0.000, p = 0.031). PCA identifies key motivational components related to financial incentives and work patterns influencing behavior. The findings underscore the need for stricter enforcement of driving hour limits, improved working conditions, fair incentive systems, and targeted health and safety initiatives. This research provides actionable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to enhance road safety and driver well-being.