With rapid urban growth and increasing reliance on personal vehicles, cities such as Surat face major challenges in urban mobility. As traffic congestion and environmental issues escalate, the demand for effective and sustainable public transport systems has become crucial. Bus rapid transit systems (BRTS) offer a promising solution by offering high-capacity, cost-efficient, and time-saving transportation. However, the success of these systems depends on the ongoing performance assessment and enhancement. This study evaluates the efficiency of Surat BRTS using data envelopment analysis (DEA), a technique that assesses the relative performance of decision-making units based on various input–output variables. The evaluation focused on five main indicators: route structure, schedule adherence, cost management, service delivery, and commuter comfort and safety. This study utilized both primary data (gathered from 550 commuter surveys) and secondary data (from Sitilink Ltd.) to evaluate the 11 BRTS routes. The DEA results indicate notable differences in route performance. Route 16 was identified as the most efficient route, whereas route 21 was the least efficient. Commuter satisfaction peaked on Route 17 and was lowest on Route 22. The cost efficiency also varied, with routes 18 and 12 performing well. Sensitivity analysis showed that factors such as daily ridership, frequency, and number of intersections significantly affected the efficiency. This study suggests improvements in ridership, service delivery, and cost reduction for Surat’s BRTS. Future research should explore simulations, new data sources, smart technologies, and long-term impact assessments to enhance the urban mobility.