Primary health care (PHC) serves as the foundation of equitable, accessible, and people-centered health systems; however, many low- and middle-income countries continue to face persistent challenges, including workforce shortages, fragmented health information systems, infrastructural gaps, administrative burden, and limited capacity for early detection and management of emerging health needs. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a transformative opportunity to address these systemic barriers by enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and responsiveness across all levels of PHC delivery. AI-driven innovations—spanning machine learning, natural language processing, predictive analytics, computer vision, and virtual intelligent assistants—are increasingly supporting diverse functions such as risk prediction, clinical decision support, diagnostic interpretation, public health surveillance, telemedicine, and personalized care. In PHC settings, AI enables early identification of infectious and noncommunicable diseases, improves triage and referral pathways, supports community health workers with real-time guidance, strengthens drug supply forecasting, and enhances health promotion through targeted communication. AI-powered telemedicine expands access to care in remote and underserved regions, while automated administrative workflows reduce provider workload and improve service efficiency. Furthermore, predictive models support population-level planning, outbreak forecasting, and resource allocation, contributing to resilient and adaptive health systems. Despite these advances, AI integration in PHC is constrained by infrastructural limitations, data gaps, algorithmic bias, interoperability challenges, ethical concerns, low digital literacy, and regulatory uncertainties. Ensuring inclusive, transparent, and context-appropriate AI systems is essential for equitable and trustworthy adoption. Overall, AI represents a powerful enabler—not a replacement—for PHC providers. When deployed responsibly, AI can strengthen health workforce capacity, enhance continuity of care, improve patient experience, and accelerate progress toward universal health coverage. Its strategic integration positions PHC systems to be more efficient, resilient, and capable of meeting evolving population health needs in diverse settings.