The view of disability represents a serious paradigm shift of the traditional models of deficit-view to the current, more inclusive, rights-based and socially constructed vision of disability. The perception of disability used to be based mainly on the medical model relied on impairment identification, diagnosis, and rehabilitation intervention. Nevertheless, the modern thinking, which was shaped by the social, cultural, and human rights models, understands disability as the dynamic interaction between people with various abilities and barriers that are attitudinal, environmental, and institutional—that limits their full-scale participation in society. This chapter presents the development of the disability perspectives, with the social model of disability, the biopsychosocial model, and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) being the major theoretical approaches mentioned. The focus is on the ideas of accessibility, inclusion, empowerment, and intersectionality, that are the main points of contemporary discussion and policy formulation. This chapter attempts to create an awareness of disability as not a personal tragedy but a crucial aspect of human diversity that requires social justice, equity, and active citizenship to take place.