Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases the risk of several infections in outpatient and hospitalized patients having weakened immune defences/being immunocompromised, abnormal microcirculation, and neuropathy. The most prevalent infections in diabetic patients are skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory tract infections (RTIs), chronic diabetic ulcers, etc. Infection control in DM cases is an ideal strategy to avoid complications and achieve higher clinical success. This chapter emphasizes the importance of antiseptics and antibiotics, including empirical and culture-directed therapy, in managing infections and chronic wounds in diabetic patients, as well as addressing antibiotic therapy, antimicrobial resistance, and the pharmacodynamics of different classes of drugs. Further, the study assesses principal antiseptics, such as chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, and silver-containing agents, emphasizing their modes of action, effectiveness, and cytotoxicity. Clinical evidence is compiled to guide optimal practices in wound management, the prevention of surgical site infections, and catheter-associated infections (CAI). Emerging trends are nano-based antiseptic technology and personalized medicine strategies, highlighting the importance of coordinated, evidence-based infection control in the management of diabetes.