Microbial communities that have the potential to survive in extreme environments are commonly known as the extremophiles. These microbial communities play a crucial role in sustaining the ecosystem. The Extreme Weather Event (EWE) includes geophysical events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; climatological events such as drought; meteorological events such as floods; and hydrological events such as coastal floods, pluvial floods, and sea storms. The frequency of EWE is increasing constantly all around the globe. Extreme weather events can alter the composition and activities of soil microbial communities by altering the physico-chemical properties of soil. The further increase of such EWE not only adversely affects the structure of an ecosystem but also leaves a long-lasting detrimental effect on the ecosystem functioning too. These EWEs are human-induced and impact the whole biotic communities more intensely, which is difficult to quantify. These events are also responsible for the evolutionary adaptations among the microbes to sustain under the extreme environments over the decades. Microbes associated with the extreme environmental conditions also have the capabilities to produce various chemicals and by-products, which are beneficial for a wide range of human well-being. Further investigations on such microbes having the immense potential to survive under the thrilling adverse conditions could be helpful to understand the sustainability or genesis of life on Earth.