This chapter combines field measurement methods and questionnaires to obtain basic data on rural children’s school travel behavior and uses the multinomial logit (MNL) model to investigate the impacting factors. The results show the following insights. The growth of age has a significant positive impact on children’s choice of bicycles and buses. The improvements in road layout and facility conditions are significantly and positively associated with children’s choice of electric bicycles for school. To be more specific, the better the road condition of the road to school, the greater the probability that children will choose the electric bicycle to go to school. Moreover, perceived accessibility positively influences the probability of children choosing a bicycle. There is a significant positive correlation between a good public security environment and children’s choice of cycling. Furthermore, distance from home to school has a significant impact on the choice of children’s school travel mode: the greater the distance to school, the higher the probability that children will choose motorized modes of travel such as buses and private cars. This chapter provides empirical evidence in designing rural transport systems for school children based on their preferences concerning the built environment factors.